Fireproof building structure.



No. 743,000. 'PATENTED NOV. 3, 190 s.

0 W. KLINGK.

FIREPROOPBUILDI'NG STRUCTURE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 25, 1902. N0 MODEL. 2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

INVENTOI? ATTORNEY.

WITNESSES:

PATENTED NOV. 3, 1903.

. W. KLINGK.

FIREPROOF BUILDING STRUCTURE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 25, 1902. NO MODEL. 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2- INVENTOI? WITNESSES: W W Wzllzw Kluzd' z.

A TTORNEY.

THE mums rzrzns ca. wank-mo WASHINGTON, n c

UNITED STATES Patented November 3, 1903.

PATENT OFFICE.

WILLIAM KL INCK, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

FIREPROOF BUILDING STRUCTURE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 743,000, dated November 3, 1903.

Application filed September 25, 1902. Serial No.124fl50. (No model.)

My invention relates to certain improve-V ments in fireproof building structures, and is particularly adapted to the construction of floors, ceilings, arches, and the like.

The principal object of my invention is to provide structures of this character which are exceedingly simple in construction, inexpen-' sive to manufacture, and at the same time possessing great tensile strength and dura bility.

A further object of my invention is to provide a building structure which is composed of sections which can be easily handled and placed in the proper position in the building without the employment of skilled workmen and without the use of stagings or other temporary forms and false structures, such as are generally used in this character of work.

A still further object of myinvention is to provide a series of separate and independent slabs having means for interlocking each adjacent slab as they are placed in position, thereby rendering the structure as solid as if the entire floor or ceiling, as the case may be, is made of a continuous piece, and, further, in providing interlocking irons adapted to be carried by the slabs, which serve the double function of holding the slabs together and of very materially strengthening the structure being built.

Further objects, uses, and advantages will be readily apparent on reference to the accompanying drawings when taken in connection with the description hereinafter set forth.

.With these objects in View my invention consists in the structural featuresand in the peculiar arrangement and combination of the various parts, such as herein set forth, and particularly pointed out in the claims made hereto. i

Referring to the accompanying drawings, in which similar reference-numerals are used to indicate similar parts, Figure 1 is a perspective view of a floor and ceiling structure built in accordance with my invention, parts ofithe said structure being shown in section and other parts being broken away for the purpose of better illustrating my invention. Fig. 2 is a sectional elevation showing a number of slabs and the means-for interlocking the same. Fig. 3 is a detail perspective view illustrating a portion of a straight slab having the strengthening and interlocking irons in each of its sides and showing how the said slab is constructed. Fig. 4 is a sectional elevation of an arch, showing the ceiling elevated to give a panel effect and illustrating my improved means for elevating the same and also illustrating the air-spaces.

In carrying out my invention I first construct the slabs 1, such as illustrated in. Fig. 3 of the drawings, which are preferably made in the following man ner: An ordinary wooden mold-box of the proper width and length and of the desired formthat is to say, the said box may be either curved or straight, accord- .ing to the shape of ceiling desired-4s provided and theirons 2 and 3 placed across the same the proper distance apart. The base; of the slab, which is composed of concrete of any suitable consistency, is filled in between the two irons 2 and 3 until it reaches the centrally-disposed flanges 5 and 6 of the said irons. These flanges 5 and 6 project from the inside of each of the irons 2 and 3 and are located in about the center of the same.

After the base of the slab has been filled 1n the two irons 2 means of the wires 7, which are connectedat and 3 are tied together by each end to the flanges 5 and 6. These wires are preferably formed in two pieces having a loop on one end, as 8, and an angularly-disposed end 9, adapted tofitin small apertures provided in the flanges 5 and 6. In placing the wires in position each section is passed through the loop of the other section and preferably crossed, as shown in Fig. ,3 of the drawings. This feature is, however, immaterial, as a continuous wire might be used which could be connected to the flanges by small hooks or projections provided thereon, and the said wire could simply be wrapped from one flange to the other and then brought back in the opposite direction, so as to give a ICO layer is hardened the wires 7 and the side' irons become firmly embedded in the slab. The side iron 2 is provided on its outer face with a longitudinally-disposed tongue 11, disposed in about its center, and the opposite iron 3 is provided with a longitudinally-disposed groove 12, disposed in about the central portion of its outer face. The tongue 11 on one side of the slab is adapted to fit into the groove 12, provided in the side iron of the adjacent slab, thus interlocking all of the slabs firmly together after they are placed in position. After the slabs 1 are formed in the manner described they are cut into two sections to form a long section and a short section, as indicated at 13 in Fig. 1 of the drawings, or the long and short slabs may be formed separately by cutting the irons the proper lengths before they are assembled in the mold-box and by placing a thin metal partition transversely across the said iron before the first layer of concrete is filled in the mold. The object in forming these slabs in long and short sections is for enabling them to be readily assembled between the girder-irons of a building.

Formed at the end of each slab is a depending foot-piece-15, extending from the under side thereof, having a slot 16 formed on its outer edge adapted to fit around the bottom flange of the girders 14. The outer edge of the foot-piece 16 extends to about the center of the girderfiange, so that when the slab on will come together, and thus be firmly held the opposite side of the girder-iron is placed in position the two foot-pieces will come together, and thus completely cover the entire bottom flange of the girders. An air-space 17 is left between the bottom of the girder and the foot-piece 16, so that air may circulate therethrough, and thus prevent heat from be ing transferred from the concrete foot'piece in the event of a fire below.

In constructing a floor or ceiling the slabs can be easily placed in position between the irder-irons 14 by placing the longer slab in position against the lower flange of the girder and while holding it in this position insert ing the short section of the slab, when the two in their proper relation to each other. These long and short slabs are staggered in the manner shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings, and each slab is interlocked by means of the tongued and grooved irons, thus producing a strong and solid structure. After the slabs are placed in position a filling of concrete, as 18, is applied on the top of the same, which may reach to the top of the girders or not, according to the desired tensile strength desired. This upper layer of concrete serves to firmly unite the series of slabs, and after the floor is thus formed an extremely solid and durable structure having great tensile strength is produced. The proportions of the irons and the width and depth of the slabs can be determined'according to the amount of weight to be carried or sustained by the structure.

When it is desired to construct a ceiling with a paneled effect, the foot-pieces 15 are made much higher than those illustrated in Fig. 1 of the drawin s-such, for instance, as shown in Fig. 4and in such cases the said foot-pieces are made separate from the rest of the slab and placed in position against the girder-iron before the slabs are placed, the tops of said foot-pieces resting in an olfset provided in the bottom of the slabs, as shown at 19 in Fig. 4: of the drawings. The airspaces 20 are also provided between the ends of these foot-pieces and the sidesof the girders. on the topof the slabs 1 a filling of cinderconcrete and on top of this a filling of regular concrete having the floor-sleepers 21 embedded therein. When the elevated foot-pieces 15 (shown in Fig. 4) are used, I provide means for securing them in position and preventing slipping, which consists in providing a wire 22, which is passed through the foot-piece on one side of the girder and through the footpiece on the other side of the girder adjacent the meeting sides of each slab and then through the two abutting foot-pieces, after which the ends of the wires are twisted or otherwise secured together.

While I have illustratedand described my invention as especially adapted to fireproof floors and ceilings, the same can also be used in the construction of tunnels, subways, and various kinds of masonry-workwhich-would only necessitate the increasing of the sizes of the interlocking irons and the thicknesses of the slabs, so as to obtain greater tensile strength. The number of interlocking irons used could be increased and the slabs made much narrower, which would also add to the strength of the structure.

While I have shown my preferred form of construction as now employed by me, I do not wish to be limited to the exact details herein described, but hold that various changes may be made in the form and arrangement of the difierent parts without materially altering or departing from the spirit and scope of my invention.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a building structure the combination with flanged girders, of a series of slabs extending from girder to girder adapted to be supported by the girder-flanges, a series of interlocking irons embedded in the sides of said slabs adapted to mesh with each other, and a layer of concrete applied over the top surface of the series of slabs, for the purpose substantially as described.

2. In a building structure, the combination with flanged girders, of a series of slabs ex tending from girder to girder adapted to rest upon the lower flanges of said girders ton gued and grooved ironsembedded in the respective sides of the said slabs adapted to interlock with adjacent slabs, the said slabs being formed of a long sectionand a short section staggered alternately, substantially as described. I

3; In a building structure, the combination with. flanged girders, a series of slabs extending from girder to girder, adapted to rest upon the lower flanges of said girders, a grooved iron embedded in one side of each slab extending from girder to girder, a tongued iron embedded in the other side of each slab and extending from girder to girder the said slabs adapted to interlock with adjacent slabs, and each span being formed of a long section and a short section, the said sections being staggered, for the purpose substantially as described. a

4. In a building structure, the combination with flanged girders, of a series of slabs extending from girder to girder, adapted to be supported by the lowerflanges of said girders, a grooved iron embedded in one side of each slab, a tongued iron embedded in the other side of each slab, the said irons adapted to interlock with adjacent irons, and a layer of concrete applied over the top surface of the series of slabs, substantially as described. v

5. In a building structure, the combination with flanged girders, of a series of slabs extending from girder to girder, tongued and grooved irons embedded in the respective sides of the said slabs adapted to interlock with adjacent irons, a long and a short section being provided in each span of slabs, and a layer of concrete provided over the top surface of the series of slabs, substantially as described.

6. In a building structure, the combination with flanged girders, of a series of slabs extending from girder to girder, adapted to be supported by the lower flanges of said girders, a grooved iron embedded in one side of each slab, a tongued iron embedded in the other side of each slab, said irons being adapted to interlock with adjacent irons, each span being formed of a long section and a short section, the said sections being staggered alternately, and a layer of concrete applied over the top surface of the series of slabs, substantially as described.

7. In abuilding structure, the combination with flanged girders, of a series of slabs exgrooved irons embedded in the respective sides of said slabs adapted to interlock with the irons of adjacent slabs, depending footpieces formed on the ends of the slabs, and slots formed in said foot-pieces adapted to engage the lower flanges of the girder-irons and protect the bottoms thereof, substantially as described.

9. In a building structure, the combination with the floor-girders of a series of slabs extending from girder to girder, tongued and 10. A slab for building structures compris ing a concrete body, an iron extending longitudinally of the slab embedded in one side thereof" having an outwardly-extending ledge or projection, a similar iron embedded in the opposite side of said slab having a depression or groove formed in its outer side, and connecting-rods extending from one iron to the other and embedded in the concrete body, substantially as described. 11. A slab for building structures com prising a concrete body, an iron bar embedded in one side of said slab, an inner projecting flange provided on said iron, a projecting tongue provided on the outer side of said iron, a similar iron embedded in the opposite side ofsaid slab, a groove formed on the outer face of said iron, a flange projecting from the inner face of said iron, and connecting-rods extending from said inner flanges and embedded in the concrete body, substantially as described.

12. A slab for building structures comprising a concrete base, an iron embedded in the side thereof and extending longitudinally of the same, a tongue or flange projecting from the outer side of said iron, projections or flanges extending from the inner side of said iron adapted to be embedded in the concrete base, a similar iron provided on the opposite side of the slab, a longitudinal groove provided in the outer face of said iron, 2. flange projecting from the inner side of said iron adapted to be embedded in the concrete body of the slab, a series of wires connecting the inner flanges of the two irons, and means for adjusting the said wires to accommodate slabs of different widths, the same being embedded in the central portion of the slabextend from girder to girder, each span being formed of a long section anda short sec scribed.

14. In combination with the girders of a building structure, a series ofslabs extending from girder to girder, interlocking irons provided in the respective sides of each slab, a layer of concrete applied on the top surface of the series of slabs, foot-pieces adapted to engage and support each end of the slabs adjacent the girders, and grooves formed in said foot-pieces adapted to engage the lower flanges of the girders and support the said foot pieces, substantially as described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and seal this 23d day of September, A. D. 1902.

WVILLIAM KLINCK.

In presence of FRANCIS M. J AHN, JNo. T. ORoss. 

